All Over Berverly Hills

by Silvia Colombini

From the hillsides of Bologna to the hills of Los Angeles: the technology at the service of security with the speaking car experiment.


Car have so much to say. We only need to listen to them. Their stories recount adventures, explorations, streets, trips and dangers. They let us guide them and they accompany us, silent witnesses of our journeys, delays, discoveries, fights as to what directions to take and fear for the road loss. When we park them on the street or hide them in the garage, it is easy to imagine that even them, our cars, light up their headlights throwing light at each other, telling their own life, maybe deprecating the way we drive, scared of yet another avoided danger. And it probably is while imagining such a dialog that Marco Roccetti, Professor of Internet Architecture at the University of Bologna, invented a language that allows vehicles to communicate among themselves while in the traffic and exchanging in real time precious information. Caution, there is an accident 10 kilometres from here; stop here because you're going towards a long wait line; there was a collision, slow down. All these important news would allow us to avoid incidents and reduce the risk of injuries to others. The project, implemented by Professor Roccetti in the Computer Science Department with the collaboration of colleagues Alessandro Amoroso and Gustavo Marfia, was tested last summer on the most famous streets of the world for its circulation, its congested traffic and the number of vehicles in transit each day: the highways of Los Angeles. In the most inhabited county in the United States, people of every possible races go about each day driving their own car. From the many city areas, it is an unceasing flow of animated roads and dreams going towards the centre and, during what is called rush hour,
Picture - Computer for the test

Picture - Test in the vehicle - Los Angeles
from 3 p.m. to about 7 p.m., accidents happen at a continuous rhythm. And that is the reason why it was decided to experiment the automatic accident survey system along the California roads. With the logistic support of UCLA (University of California Los Angeles), the Bolognese professors got behind the wheel with the incident testing system on board, the cars being able to communicate peer-to-peer. The system was programmed to send an alert message every ten seconds which, from the first talking car, is forwarded to cars in the vicinity and reaching even those that are further away up to a distance of twenty kilometres. It was a huge moment when cars, tooled with ad hoc vehicle networks (networks that allow cars to communicate directly without the need for any other communication infrastructure) initiated chatting providing back and forth information received in an efficient and realistic simulation. So often ideas are conceived in the mind of researchers, they are implemented in labs and then fail in the real environment test. From calculations, algorithms, and connections that on paper seemed perfect springs out an error and you have to go back to square one. On the contrary, in this case vehicles remained in constant contact, relaying all necessary data (change of directions, sudden braking, collision, etc.) and avoiding, thanks to the system, interferences and delays in the data transmission. The experiment, the first in the sector to have demonstrated to being able to reduce by

40% the probability of chain accidents on a highway, was followed with attention by the international media. Its efficiency is, in fact, able to signal accidents which happened more than 20 kilometres away in fractions of seconds. This has also caught the attention of the automobile industry and insurance companies, sectors in which the system could be particularly useful. They are so many today working on vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) systems, to follow the data and information exchange between automobiles and studying from pollution to accidents. The GSM, GPRS, UMTS and other connections have however been little trustworthy and with a broadcasting capacity limited or slowed down by eventual obstacles which could come along the route. Roccetti and his colleagues have instead optimized their system to such a point that their information is updated within seconds and without any interference. That is maybe why the City of Angels, where the most astonishing things happen each day, observed with great interest the tests done by the Bologna professors. The most influential scientific magazines in the US have published the results of the experiment and the University of California has conffered them the title of visiting professors. And if it is true that every revolution begins on the street, we hope this one stays on ours for a long time so we can avoid preventable risks and save our life.Image - Example of a symmetrical communication between vehicles

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